Environment – Committee Halts Chambal Projects Until River Flow Recovers
Environment – The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife has decided to put a temporary hold on new hydroelectric and irrigation projects along the Chambal River, citing concerns over declining environmental flow levels and their impact on wildlife.
Declining River Flow Raises Ecological Concerns
The decision comes amid growing evidence that reduced water flow in the Chambal has begun to affect its delicate ecosystem. Experts have observed that shrinking water levels, particularly in the upper stretches of the river, have led to a noticeable shift in the habitat of key species such as dolphins. These animals are now moving downstream, closer to the confluence with the Yamuna River, in search of deeper waters.
Seasonal fluctuations have further intensified the problem. During the lean months, when water levels drop significantly, exposed river islands become vulnerable. Nests of endangered species are increasingly at risk from predators like jackals and stray animals, as well as grazing livestock.
Key Decision Taken at High-Level Meeting
The matter was discussed during the 90th meeting of the Standing Committee, chaired by the Union Environment Minister. According to officials familiar with the proceedings, the committee agreed that no new hydro or irrigation projects would be approved until there is a measurable improvement in the river’s environmental flow. An exception may be considered only for drinking water projects, and even those would require strong justification in the absence of alternatives.
Scientific Findings Highlight Urgent Need for Action
A detailed assessment presented by the Wildlife Institute of India revealed significant changes in species distribution patterns. Data collected in 2024 indicated that dolphins, which once occupied broader stretches of the river, are now confined to deeper pools downstream.
The study also emphasized the specific depth requirements of various aquatic species. Dolphins generally need water depths exceeding three metres, while young gharials require even deeper conditions, often above four metres. Mugger crocodiles, on the other hand, tend to avoid shallow zones altogether.
Further analysis using data from the Central Water Commission showed that average water flow near Dholpur during peak summer months ranges between 25 and 50 cubic metres per second. This is far below the minimum requirement of 369 cubic metres per second needed to sustain adequate depth for aquatic life. For optimal conditions, flows should ideally reach around 849 cubic metres per second.
Expanding Research and Inter-Agency Collaboration
Recognising the complexity of the issue, the committee has recommended broadening the scope of ongoing river flow studies. It has called for the involvement of additional institutions, including the National Institute of Hydrology, the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, and the Ministry of Jal Shakti. The aim is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the river’s hydrological patterns and identify practical solutions.
Afforestation and Long-Term Conservation Measures
In a parallel move, the committee has tasked the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education with undertaking afforestation initiatives along the Chambal River. Increasing vegetation cover is expected to play a role in stabilising riverbanks and improving water retention over time.
Additionally, the committee has assigned the Wildlife Institute of India and the Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Land Management to prepare a detailed Atlas of Grasslands of India. This project will focus on mapping biodiversity in grassland ecosystems and developing strategies for their long-term conservation.
Background of the Report
The decisions were based on findings from a report titled “Ecological Assessment of the Chambal River: Status of Major Aquatic Fauna and Flow Requirements,” which was presented to the committee in March. The report provided critical insights into the current ecological status of the river and underscored the urgent need for corrective measures.