UCC – Gujarat Assembly Clears Uniform Civil Code After Lengthy Debate
UCC – After an extended discussion lasting over seven hours, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly on Tuesday approved the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, aiming to establish a single legal system governing personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and live-in relationships, regardless of religious background.
Key Provisions of the New Law
The legislation introduces strict penalties for violations related to marriage practices. It prescribes a jail term of up to seven years in cases where marriages are conducted through force, coercion, or fraudulent means. The law also bans bigamy and polygamy under its framework.
Additionally, the bill makes it compulsory to officially register marriages and live-in relationships. Failure to register a marriage within 60 days may attract a penalty of up to Rs 10,000. Similarly, non-registration of live-in relationships could lead to imprisonment of up to three months or a fine of the same amount.
Political Divide Over the Bill
The ruling party described the move as a significant reform designed to promote equality and ensure justice for all citizens. However, opposition parties, including Congress and the Aam Aadmi Party, strongly objected to the bill. They argued that it infringes upon fundamental rights and demanded that it be referred to a select committee for further examination.
Despite their objections, the bill was passed through a majority voice vote in the Assembly.
Gujarat Becomes Second State to Enact UCC
With this development, Gujarat has become the second state in India to pass a Uniform Civil Code, following Uttarakhand, which enacted similar legislation in February 2024.
The proposed law, titled the Gujarat Uniform Civil Code, 2026, will be applicable across the state and will also extend to residents of Gujarat living outside its geographical boundaries.
However, certain groups have been exempted. The law will not apply to Scheduled Tribes and communities whose traditional rights are protected under constitutional provisions.
Government’s Justification and Objectives
Presenting the bill, Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel stated that the initiative is rooted in constitutional values, particularly the principle of equality before the law. He emphasized that the move aligns with the directive under Article 44, which encourages the state to work towards a uniform civil code.
According to the government, the law aims to remove discrimination based on religion or caste and ensure equal legal rights for all citizens. Patel highlighted that the bill was drafted after extensive consultations, keeping in mind the social and cultural diversity of the state.
Focus on Women’s Rights and Legal Protection
A significant aspect of the legislation is its emphasis on women’s rights. The bill ensures equal inheritance rights for sons and daughters and introduces uniform rules for divorce. The Chief Minister stated that the provisions are designed to safeguard the dignity, security, and legal protection of women.
He also clarified that the law does not interfere with religious rituals or cultural practices, stressing that its purpose is to eliminate inequality rather than alter traditions.
Debate Over Live-in Relationship Clause
The inclusion of mandatory registration for live-in relationships has also drawn attention. The government maintains that this provision is intended to offer legal protection, particularly for women, rather than restrict personal freedoms.
Opposition Voices Concerns
Opposition leaders raised concerns over both the timing and intent of the bill. Some argued that it was introduced hastily, possibly in view of upcoming elections. Others claimed that it could conflict with constitutional safeguards.
Certain lawmakers also expressed apprehension that the legislation may impact religious practices, particularly in matters of marriage and inheritance, and indicated plans to challenge it legally.
Broader Implications
The passage of the UCC Bill marks a significant step in the ongoing national debate over a unified legal system. While supporters view it as a move towards equality and modernization, critics continue to question its impact on diversity and religious freedoms.