Heritage – NCERT Textbook Image of Mohenjo-daro Artefact Draws Attention
Heritage – A discussion has emerged around the representation of one of the most famous artefacts from the Indus Valley Civilisation after an image published in a newly introduced school textbook appeared different from the original bronze sculpture preserved in archaeological records.
The issue concerns the renowned “Dancing Girl” figurine from Mohenjo-daro, which appears in Madhurima, the new Class 9 arts education textbook released by NCERT. The image is included in the opening chapter titled History of Arts. Observers have pointed out that the illustration in the book appears visually altered when compared with photographs of the original bronze artefact.
Differences Noticed in Textbook Illustration
According to comparisons made between the textbook image and the original sculpture, the figure’s upper body appears shaded in a manner that conceals details visible on the actual artefact. The presentation has led to questions about how historically important cultural objects are being portrayed for students studying Indian art and heritage.
The depiction also differs from the version published in NCERT’s Class 6 Social Science textbook, where the figurine was shown in a form much closer to the original archaeological object.
Former Textbook Committee Head Raises Concerns
Michel Danino, who led the committee responsible for developing NCERT’s revised Class 6 Social Science textbooks, recalled earlier discussions regarding the use of the Dancing Girl image in educational material.
Speaking to PTI, Danino said he had previously been informed that the sculpture was considered unsuitable for younger students. However, he noted that members of the textbook team disagreed with that assessment. According to him, consultations with school teachers did not indicate any concerns regarding the inclusion of the figurine in classroom learning materials.
Danino argued that viewing artistic nudity as inappropriate reflects an outdated perspective and questioned its relevance in discussions about educational reform.
Debate Over Historical Accuracy
Reacting to the image used in the Class 9 textbook, Danino expressed surprise and concern. He stated that if a significant example of ancient Indian art cannot be displayed in its original form within a chapter dedicated to art history, it raises broader questions about the presentation of cultural heritage.
He further maintained that altering a historic artefact’s appearance can affect how students understand the object. In his view, educational material should accurately reflect archaeological findings unless changes are clearly identified as part of a reconstruction process.
Danino also compared such modifications to historical instances in which artworks were altered after their creation, arguing that changes can influence public understanding of the original work.
Cultural Importance of the Dancing Girl
The Dancing Girl remains one of the most celebrated discoveries associated with the Indus Valley Civilisation. Archaeologists uncovered the bronze figurine at Mohenjo-daro, and it is generally dated to around 2600 BCE.
Scholars have long debated the exact meaning and purpose of the sculpture. Danino noted that similar poses have been identified on pottery fragments found at the Harappan site of Bhirrana in Rajasthan, suggesting the posture may have carried specific cultural or artistic significance within the civilisation.
How the Textbook Describes the Artefact
The Class 9 arts textbook identifies the sculpture as a bronze figure created using the lost-wax casting technique, a traditional method still associated with parts of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
The chapter describes the figurine as standing with one hand placed on the waist, a bent knee and a slightly raised chin. Students are also encouraged to interpret the pose and participate in activities that involve sketching and recreating the stance of the sculpture.
Awaiting Official Clarification
While discussion continues over the differing representations of the artefact in NCERT textbooks, the education body has not yet issued a public statement explaining the variation between the Class 6 and Class 9 images. The debate has nevertheless renewed attention on questions of historical accuracy, art education and the presentation of India’s archaeological heritage in school curricula.