DataSovereignty – Rahul Gandhi Questions Clarity on India-US Data Talks

DataSovereignty – India’s Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi on Monday voiced concerns over the country’s data sovereignty, questioning the government’s transparency regarding ongoing digital trade discussions with the United States. He argued that citizens deserve clear information on how their personal and sensitive data will be handled as part of these negotiations.

Concerns Over Lack of Transparency

Gandhi stated that India, which has the potential to lead in the global technology landscape, is instead being left without clear answers on critical data-related matters. He emphasized that data generated within the country belongs to its people and should be treated as a strategic national asset.

According to him, such data could play a crucial role in advancing artificial intelligence, strengthening domestic businesses, and creating employment opportunities. However, he expressed dissatisfaction over what he described as vague responses from the government on key issues.

Questions on Data Governance and Security

Raising a series of pointed questions, Gandhi sought clarity on what “reducing barriers” in the India-US trade framework would mean in practical terms. He asked whether sensitive information—such as healthcare records, financial data, and official government databases—would continue to be stored within India.

He also questioned whether India would retain the authority to enforce data localisation requirements on foreign companies operating in the country. Gandhi criticized the government for using broad terms like “framework,” “balance,” and “autonomy” without providing concrete details.

He alleged that the government has not adequately informed the public about what concessions, if any, are being considered in these negotiations.

Reiteration of Concerns in Parliament

The Congress leader had earlier raised similar concerns in the Lok Sabha on April 1, seeking clarification on how India plans to align its commitments under the proposed trade agreement with its existing data protection regulations.

He also asked whether such agreements could impact India’s ability to regulate artificial intelligence technologies, limit foreign access to critical infrastructure, or weaken rules mandating local storage of sensitive data.

Government Highlights Digital Economy Growth

Responding to these concerns in a written reply, Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology Jitin Prasada highlighted the strength of India’s digital economy. He noted that the sector generated over $280 billion in revenue and recorded exports worth $225 billion in the financial year 2024–25.

The minister added that the industry currently provides employment to more than six million people, making digital trade a key contributor to the country’s economic growth.

Assurance on Safeguarding National Interests

Prasada stated that India remains committed to expanding its global digital trade partnerships and has already signed agreements with regions such as the UAE, the UK, and the European Union. These agreements, he said, include provisions designed to protect India’s interests while enabling access to international markets.

Regarding the proposed India-US Bilateral Trade Agreement, he explained that both nations are working toward establishing a digital framework that is free, fair, and dynamic.

Maintaining Regulatory Independence

The minister further assured that India has preserved its regulatory independence in matters related to data governance. He emphasized that no international agreement would limit the country’s ability to manage and protect its data under existing legal provisions.

According to him, the goal of ongoing negotiations is to strike a balance between technological progress and cross-border collaboration without compromising India’s strategic and economic priorities.

Despite these assurances, Gandhi has continued to call for greater transparency, maintaining that citizens have the right to know how their data will be used and protected in the evolving digital landscape.